![]() ![]() Zinc is another important micronutrient essential for various immunological and biochemical functions and severe deficiency may lead to impaired growth and development, altered immunity, pregnancy issues, and neuro-behavioral difficulties 6. Anemia due to acute iron deficiency, particularly in children, pregnant, and lactating women lead to life-threatening health complexes such as chronic heart disease, kidney failure, and inflammatory bowel disease 5. The women of reproductive age are more vulnerable as one in every three women is anemic, which lead to 0.12 million deaths and a loss of 48.2 million disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in 2010 4. Approximately, one-fourth of the population around the globe is suffering from anemia due to iron deficiency 3. ![]() Iron, zinc, and vitamin A are the three nutrients that are recognized as limiting factors in the diet by the world health organization 2. Over three billion global population suffers from diseases associated with micronutrient deficiencies including iron and zinc and the problem is more severe in the countries where the food habits are dominated by cereal-based diets 1. The identified SNPs will be valuable in the rapid development of biofortified wheat varieties to ameliorate the malnutrition problems. The identified novel MTAs will be validated to estimate their effects in different genetic backgrounds for subsequent use in marker-assisted selection. In silico analysis revealed that the SNPs were located on important putative candidate genes such as Multi antimicrobial extrusion protein, F-box domain, Late embryogenesis abundant protein, LEA-18, Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily, and C3H4 type zinc finger protein, involved in iron translocation, iron and zinc homeostasis, and grain size modifications. AX-95025823 was identified for TKW in both E4 and E5 environments along with pooled data, which is located at 68.9 Mb on 6A chromosome. Furthermore, 14 MTAs were identified with more than 10% phenotypic variation. The TKW showed the highest MTAs (7), followed by GZnC (5) and GFeC (5). The GWAS analysis showed a total of 17 Bonferroni-corrected marker-trait associations (MTAs) in nine chromosomes representing all the three wheat subgenomes. The genome-wide association (GWAS) panel was genotyped using 35 K Axiom Array and phenotyped in five environments. ![]() Genomic regions governing grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated in a set of 280 diverse bread wheat genotypes. Genetic biofortification is recognized as a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. ![]()
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